Threshold spectral transition for a fermion-boson pair on the one-dimensional lattice

Abstract

We study a two-particle lattice Schrödinger operator describing a fermion-boson pair on the one-dimensional lattice $\mathbb Z$ with zero-range on-site interaction of strength $μ\in\mathbb R$ and mass ratio $γ>0$. Using relative coordinates and fiber decomposition with respect to the total quasi-momentum $k\in\mathbb T:=(-π,π]$, we obtain a real symmetric fiber Hamiltonian $H_{μ,γ}(k)$ in $\ell^2(\mathbb Z)$ with essential spectrum $$ [\,2(1+γ)-2a_γ(k),\,2(1+γ)+2a_γ(k)\,], \qquad a_γ(k)=\sqrt{1+2γ\cos k+γ^2}. $$ For $a_γ(k)>0$ and $μ\ne0$, the operator has a unique simple discrete eigenvalue $$ E_γ(k,μ)=2(1+γ)+\operatorname{sgn}(μ)\sqrt{μ^2+4a_γ(k)^2}, $$ lying below the band for $μ<0$ and above it for $μ>0$, with an exponentially decaying eigenfunction. At the exceptional fiber $(γ,k)=(1,π)$, the band collapses to ${4}$ and the unique simple eigenvalue is $E_1(π,μ)=4+μ$. At the critical coupling $μ=0$ and $a_γ(k)>0$, both spectral edges are threshold resonances with bounded non-square-integrable solutions. As $μ\to0^\pm$, the discrete eigenvalue approaches the corresponding threshold with $$ |E_γ(k,μ)-E_{\mathrm{thr}}^\pm(k)| =\frac{μ^2}{4a_γ(k)}+O(μ^4), $$ and the normalized eigenfunction converges to the resonant solution. For strong coupling, $E_γ(k,μ)=μ+2(1+γ)+O(|μ|^{-1})$, while the eigenfunction localizes at the interaction site. We also classify the joint limit $μ\to0^\pm$, $(γ,k)\to(1,π)$ according to the relative scale of $|μ|$ and $a_γ(k)$, revealing the nonuniformity of the weak-coupling threshold asymptotics.