Semi-localized ground state in a 1D system with long-range hopping

Abstract

We study the localization of a quantum particle in a one-dimensional disordered system with long-range hopping amplitudes $t(r)\propto r^{-a}$. In contrast to the standard one-dimensional Anderson model ($a\to\infty$), in which all states are localized and the localization length is minimal at the band edge, the long-range model with $1<a<3/2$ exhibits a disorder-driven transition at the band edge, while high-energy states remain localized at arbitrary disorder strength. We investigate this transition for the ground state in momentum space. In the weak-disorder regime, we derive perturbative expressions for the characteristic functions and moments of the momentum-space wave function, as well as for its fractal dimensions. Our results demonstrate that the ground state exhibits $\it semilocalization$ rather than conventional localization, thereby extending the class of models displaying the unusual $\it semifractality$ of wave functions.