Exact pair density wave in topological moire flat bands and universal superfluid stiffness

Abstract

Pair-density waves (PDWs) are unconventional superconducting states beyond the BCS paradigm, but identifying them unambiguously in microscopic lattice models is generally challenging due to various competing orders. In particular, an exact realization of PDW in interacting models with topological bands remains elusive. Here we construct an interacting model on a twisted bilayer checkerboard lattice (TBCB) featuring topological flat bands, and rigorously show that an exact PDW ground state can be induced by quantum geometric nesting (QGN), owing to its momentum-space nonsymmorphic symmetry. We further prove that the superfluid stiffness of any nondegenerate QGN superconductor (including the PDW studied here and uniform superconductor) obeys the universal relation $D_s=2N_{\rm flat}ν(1-ν)m_{\rm pair}^{-1}$, where $N_{\rm flat}$, $ν$, and $m_{\rm pair}$ are the number of flat bands, flat band filling, and the two-particle effective mass, respectively. Our results reveal a rich interplay among PDW order, quantum geometry, and band topology.