Classical Cepheids in the JWST and Roman Era: A New Theoretical Framework and its Metallicity Dependence

Abstract

Classical Cepheids are fundamental distance indicators that anchor the cosmic distance ladder through their Period-Luminosity, Period-Luminosity-Color, and Period-Wesenheit relations, while also providing valuable constraints on young stellar populations. Recent advances in space-based near-infrared observations highlight the need for theoretical calibrations of Classical Cepheid observables in modern photometric systems optimized for precision distance-scale applications. This work provides a homogeneous theoretical framework for Classical Cepheids in the JWST/NIRCam and Roman/WFI systems and explores their use as standard candles in the near-infrared. We exploit an extensive grid of nonlinear convective pulsation models spanning a broad range of masses, effective temperatures, periods, metallicities, convective efficiencies, and mass-luminosity relations. We derive mean magnitudes, colors, pulsation amplitudes, amplitude ratios, and new theoretical Period-Luminosity-Color, Period-Wesenheit, and metal-dependent Period-Wesenheit relations. The theoretical Wesenheit relations are compared with recent JWST observations of Classical Cepheids in six SN Ia host galaxies from the SH0ES collaboration. We find excellent agreement between predictions and observations, with the largest systematic effects arising from the adopted mass-luminosity relation. Theoretical distance moduli are fully consistent with empirical JWST determinations when a mildly overluminous mass-luminosity relation is adopted instead of the canonical one. These results provide a self-consistent pulsation-based calibration for JWST and Roman observations and a theoretical framework for future precision studies of the local distance scale.