Self-Reflective Multi-modal Reasoning for Short-Video Fake News Detection

Abstract

Recent fake news detection pipelines increasingly leverage large language models and vision-language models for reasoning-based analysis. However, several challenges remain open: improving reasoning quality through self-reflection without ground-truth chain-of-thought supervision, using improved reasoning to benefit downstream model fine-tuning, and connecting single-sample fraudulent-pattern discovery with cross-sample verification. We propose SRM-FND, a self-reflective multimodal reasoning framework for short-video fake news detection. SRM-FND develops higher-quality reasoning through contrastive deliberation, iterative root-cause diagnosis, and corrective prompt refinement. A Blind Analyst, Counter-Conclusion Reasoner, and Self-Consistency Arbiter collaboratively identify and retain discriminative rationales. The framework also incorporates dual-phase, topic-adaptive vision-language model fine-tuning to improve multimodal grounding and enable lightweight topic specialization. For uncertain cases, it performs confidence-driven cross-sample review by retrieving credible and suspicious co-event examples. Experiments on FakeSV and FakeTT show that SRM-FND outperforms strong baselines, produces more reliable and interpretable predictions, and delivers noticeable improvements in cross-dataset performance.