On the weak Lefschetz property of Artinian Gorenstein algebras of codimension three in arbitrary characteristic

Abstract

Let $\mathsf k$ be a field, $S=\mathsf k[x,y,z]$, and $R=S/I$ be a standard graded Artinian Gorenstein $\mathsf k$-algebra of codimension three. The $h$-vector of such an algebra is known to be symmetric and unimodal. Miró-Roig proved that if $\mathsf k$ is algebraically closed of characteristic zero and the $h$-vector of $R$ has at least three peaks, then $R$ has the weak Lefschetz property. In this article, we extend this result to any infinite field of arbitrary characteristic, using a different, elementary, and more direct argument. In particular, we recover Miró-Roig's theorem without the hypothesis that $\mathsf k$ is algebraically closed. Along the way, we also prove a statement of independent interest that holds over any field: if the $h$-vector of $R$ has at least two peaks, and if $s$ is the largest degree of a peak, then the elements of $I$ of degree at most $s$ have no common factor.