Long-time Dynamics of Many-body Open Quantum Systems using Quantum Generating Functions

Abstract

The interplay between coherent unitary evolution and environment-induced dissipation can give rise to a wide range of non-equilibrium dynamics in open quantum systems, ranging from interesting transport phenomena to dynamical phase transitions. However, accessing such long-time dynamics remains challenging for the existing methods developed for the simulation of many-body open quantum systems. We address this problem by developing a quantum generating function (QGF) formalism for open many-body systems for both ensemble-averaged dynamics governed by a Markovian quantum master equation and trajectory-resolved dynamics described by the quantum trajectory formalism, including quantum jumps, and quantum state diffusion. Our approach computes the dynamics of higher-order moments and fluctuation statistics without explicitly evolving the quantum state, thereby providing an efficient and scalable approach for investigating many-body open quantum systems. We demonstrate the versatility of the formalism by applying it to both the integrable open XXZ chain and the nonintegrable open next-nearest-neighbor XXZ spin chain, where it uncovers distinct initial state dependent long-time transport regimes. Our work establishes quantum generating functions as an efficient and scalable framework for investigating long-time dynamics in open quantum many-body systems.