Numerical Godeaux Surfaces with many disjoint $(-2)$-curves and Applications

Abstract

In this paper, over the field of complex numbers, we prove that a numerical Godeaux surface contains at most six pairwise disjoint $(-2)$-curves, and that this bound is sharp. As an application, we refine the classification of involutions on smooth minimal surfaces of general type with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=7$: the divisorial fixed part $R$ satisfies $R^2=-1$, the involution acts trivially on $H^*(S,\mathbb{Q})$, and, if the minimal resolution of the quotient is of general type, it is a numerical Campedelli surface containing five pairwise disjoint $(-2)$-curves. Another application concerns commuting involutions on smooth minimal surfaces of general type with $p_g=0$ and $K^2=8$.