On Lipschitz Spaces, Semigroup Transference, and Heat Kernel Derivative Estimates in Dunkl--Schrödinger Analysis

Abstract

In this paper, we study Lipschitz spaces adapted to Dunkl--Schrödinger operators $\mathcal{L} = -Δ_k + V$, where $Δ_k$ is the Dunkl Laplacian and $V \ge 0$ belongs to the reverse Hölder class $\mathrm{RH}^q(dw)$ with $q > \max(1, \mathbf{N}/2)$. For $0 < β< 2$, we establish the full equivalence between the heat semigroup-based Lipschitz spaces $\widetildeΛ_{\mathcal{L},k}^{β/2}(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and the pointwise weighted Zygmund classes $Λ_{\mathcal{L},k}^β(\mathbb{R}^N)$ defined via the critical radius function $m(\mathbf{x})$. Remarkably, this characterization shows that the spatial smoothness component decouples completely from the underlying reflection group symmetries and root systems. As an intermediate result, we establish new equivalences for inhomogeneous weighted Lipschitz spaces associated with the unperturbed Dunkl Laplacian $Δ_k$. A central difficulty in this context --- arising from the necessity to disentangle the Euclidean distance from the orbit metric $d(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})$ --- is resolved through a detailed geometric analysis. Finally, we provide pointwise Gaussian upper bounds for the time derivatives of the Dunkl--Schrödinger heat kernel, which are of independent interest for future work in harmonic analysis on Dunkl structures. Crucially, we do not assume the potential $V$ to be $G$-invariant under the action of the Weyl group, which introduces major geometric difficulties resolved here via a local analysis of the orbit metric.