A different kind of continuum limit for the three-dimensional U(1) gauge theory

Abstract

In three-dimensional compact U(1) lattice gauge theory color confinement can be understood analytically through the dynamics of magnetic monopoles. However, its continuum limit is pathological, since the ratio of the glueball masses to the square root of the string tension vanishes as the continuum limit is approached. We investigate a simple extension of the Wilson action in which the total number of lattice monopoles is coupled to an additional parameter $μ$. By tuning $β$ and $μ$ simultaneously, we identify a line of constant physics along which the ratio of the lightest glueball mass to the square root of the string tension remains constant. We further show that the same scaling is satisfied, within numerical uncertainties, by the other low-lying glueball masses considered in this work. Along this trajectory, the string tension in lattice units decreases with increasing $β$, thus suggesting that the modified lattice action may provide a regularization of three-dimensional compact U(1) gauge theory with a physically well-behaved continuum limit.