Solvability of unimodular equations in groups and Lie algebras

Abstract

Our results implies, in particular, that a finitely generated solvable group $G$ is nilpotent if and only if it contains a solution to any unimodular equation, i.e., an equation of the form $\prod g_ix^{n_i}=1$, where $g_i\in G$ and $\sum n_i=\pm1$. A similar fact turns out to be true for Lie algebras. We also exhibit an example of a unimodular equation $w(x)=g$ over a finitely generated group $G$, which has a solution (in $G$) for any $g\in G$, but the solution is not unique for some $g\in G$. We show that, for nilpotent groups $G$, the set of unimodular mappings $G^n\to G^n$ (which are defined naturally) forms a group under the composition.