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First Measurement of Solar Neutrinos through Elastic Neutrino-Electron Scattering at the keV Scale

XENON Collaboration, E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, K. Abe, M. Abu Rmilah, M. Adrover, S. Ahmed Maouloud, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, D. Antón Martin, S. R. Armbruster, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, M. Bazyk, V. Beligotti, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, K. Boese, R. M. Braun, G. Bruni, R. Budnik, C. Cai, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, A. P. Cimental Chávez, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, H. Dai, V. D'Andrea, L. C. Daniel Garcia, M. P. Decowski, A. Deisting, C. Di Donato, P. Di Gangi, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, S. el Morabit, R. Elleboro, A. Elykov, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, T. Flehmke, M. Flierman, R. Frankel, D. Fuchs, W. Fulgione, C. Fuselli, F. Gao, R. Giacomobono, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, M. Guida, P. Gyorgy, R. Hammann, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, N. F. Hood, A. Hurhina, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, Y. Kaminaga, S. Kazama, P. Kharbanda, M. Kobayashi, D. Koke, K. Kooshkjalali, A. Kopec, E Kozlova, H. Landsman, L. Levinson, A. Li, H. Li, I. Li, S. Li, Z. Liang, Y. -T. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, M. Liu, F. Lombardi, J. A. M. Lopes, G. M. Lucchetti, T. Luce, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, G. C. Madduri, J. Mahlstedt, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, S. Mastroianni, V. Mazza, J. Merz, M. Messina, A. Michel, K. Miuchi, R. Miyata, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, C. T. Oba Ishikawa, U. Oberlack, K. Otsuzuki, S. Ouahada, B. Paetsch, Y. Pan, Q. Pellegrini, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, G. Plante, T. R. Pollmann, F. Pompa, A. Prajapati, L. Principe, J. Qin, A. Ravindran, A. Razeto, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, M. T. Schiller, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, F. N. Semler, P. Shagin, X. Shen, S. Shi, H. Simgen, Z. Song, A. Stevens, C. Szyszka, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, P. -L. Tan, D. Thers, G. Trinchero, C. D. Tunnell, K. Valerius, S. Vecchi, S. Vetter, G. Volta, B. von Krosigk, C. Weinheimer, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, V. H. S. Wu, Y. Xing, D. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, J. Yang, L. Yang, J. Ye, M. Yoshida, G. Zavattini, Y. Zhao, M. Zhong, T. Zhu

hep-exarXiv:2608.29450

Abstract

We report on the first measurement of low-energy solar neutrinos through elastic neutrino-electron scattering in a dark matter experiment, establishing the lowest energy threshold for any neutrino detection to date. The measurement utilizes data from the first two science runs of XENONnT, corresponding to an exposure of 2.46 t · y, and covers electron recoil energies between 1 keV and 140 keV, providing sensitivity to solar neutrinos with energies down to 17 keV. We reject the background-only hypothesis with a statistical significance of 5.0σ and measure a solar pp neutrino flux of (10.2 2.0) × 1010 cm-2 s-1. The result is larger, but statistically consistent with the previous measurement by Borexino at 1.9σ. Together with recent observations of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering of 8B solar neutrinos in XENONnT and other liquid-xenon time projection chambers, these results demonstrate the growing potential of liquid xenon detectors for neutrino physics down to the keV-scale and represent an important milestone towards a next-generation multipurpose observatory.

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