Alternative-mean trace divergences: geometry, data processing, and barycenters

Abstract

Let $f:(0,\infty)\to(0,\infty)$ be a nontrivial normalized operator monotone function and set $s=f'(1)$. We introduce the alternative-mean trace functional $$ \altPhi_f(A,B) :=\Tr(A\nabla_s B) -\Tr\!\left( f(A^{-1}\sharp B)\,A\,f(A^{-1}\sharp B) \right). $$ on the positive definite cone. We prove that $\altPhi_f$ is a quantum divergence in the sense of Bhatia--Gaubert--Jain whose diagonal Hessian induces a positive multiple of the Bures--Wasserstein Riemannian metric. We also establish the sharp comparison $$ s(1-s)d_{\rm BW}(A,B)^2 \le \altPhi_f(A,B) \le (1-s+s^2)d_{\rm BW}(A,B)^2. $$