Equivariant formality and representation theory

Abstract

Let $G$ be a compact connected Lie group and $K$ its connected Lie subgroup. Using the $K$-theoretic version of equivariant formality developed in [F2] which involves analysis of vector bundles over $G/K$, we find two characterizations of equivariant formality of the isotropy action of $K$ on $G/K$. The first one equates equivariant formality with a "smoothness" condition of the restriction map of the representation ring of $G$ to that of $K$. The second characterization asserts that equivariant formality amounts to the equivariant $K$-theoretic index pairing of two certain special $K$-theory classes being nontrivial in some sense. By applying these characterizations, we are able to give a representation theoretic criterion for equivariant formality of the isotropy action by a circle subgroup, as well as an invariant theory criterion for the case where $K$ is a torus of dimension one less than the rank of $G$, culminating in a complete classification of equivariant formality where $G$ is further assumed to be simple.