Quantum LDPC and High-Rate CSS Codes from Fair-Density Parity-Check Codes

Abstract

We construct quantum LDPC (qLDPC) and high-rate CSS codes from our recently introduced classical fair-density parity-check (FDPC) codes. To this end, we introduce a structured sparsification of FDPC parity-check matrices, which reduces their check weights while preserving the underlying combinatorial structure and distance guarantees. Combined with the hypergraph-product construction, this yields finite-length qLDPC codes with analytically controlled blocklength, dimension, certified distance, and stabilizer weight. For quantum blocklengths $N<10^5$, the constructions introduced here span guaranteed rates from approximately $0.35\%$ to $25.8\%$ and certified quantum distances from $12$ to $69$, with stabilizer weights between $8$ and $16$. In the large-blocklength regime, allowing the FDPC order and sparsified check weight to scale moderately with blocklength yields a family of high-rate CSS codes, which we refer to as quantum FDPC (qFDPC) codes, with rate $R_Q$ and minimum distance $D$ satisfying \[ R_Q = 1-O\left(\frac{1}{\log\log N}\right), \ \ D=Ω(N^{1/4}), \] and stabilizer weight $O(\log N\log\log N)$. Finally, the analytically available FDPC weight distribution provides explicit information about the logical operators of the resulting hypergraph-product codes. Over the quantum erasure channel, this structure yields rigorous first-order maximum likelihood (ML) expressions and a higher-order weight-distribution approximation to the ML logical block error probability. This enables estimation of finite-length operating points and the onset of the error-floor regime. To the best of our knowledge, beyond surface-code-type constructions, this is the first finite-rate qLDPC framework to provide both finite-length certified minimum-distance information and an analytical characterization of low-weight logical multiplicities.