Signal-Aware Cayley Completion: Choosing Between an Exact and a Lossy Abelian Host

Abstract

Group-embedding graph signal processing buys exact Fourier analysis either by enlarging the domain until a graph embeds isometrically into an abelian Cayley graph, or by perturbing the graph until it is one. We give a linear-time procedure that chooses between the two, and study the criterion governing the lossy branch. We prove that the perturbation of the Dirichlet form is exactly the signed sum of the edited-edge energies, and is bounded in modulus by their total, into which the combinatorial cost of the completion does not enter. We confirm experimentally that this energy predicts signal fidelity strongly though not strictly monotonically (Spearman rho = -0.79 on an instance where the completion, and hence the cost, is held fixed), while the cost itself carries no information about it. Selecting among completions of identical cost by this energy recovers 61 percent of the available performance gap on the exhaustive range, on a sample too small to establish that the effect persists beyond eight vertices. On real payment data the router takes the exact branch everywhere; on real anti-money-laundering data the completion invariant is a re-encoding of maximum degree and is not distinguishable from it, and the linear-time bound it rivals is shown to have a blind spot on near-complete graphs.