Quantum Weighted Moving Average for Predicting Limit Order Book Trends

Abstract

Can quantum computers be useful for forecasting multivariate financial time series? In this work, we consider the problem of predicting price trends from limit order book (LOB) data. After identifying key components of classical models, we introduce the quantum weighted moving average (QWMA) model. The two main building blocks are, first, classically preprocessing via normalization of both feature and temporal dimensions and, second, a linear combination of unitaries-based layer for unitarily-embedded classical data. The models are evaluated on the FI-2010 benchmark dataset and a second dataset of China A-share stocks. While we do not present evidence of quantum advantage, the combined classical-quantum model demonstrates performances close to the best classical models. The quantum part of the model is expressive enough to focus on the most predictive parts of the time series. Several specializations of the QWMA model are considered, in particular a variant related to the widely-used exponential moving average (EMA). We give consideration to the limitations of the methods and the datasets.