Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption and the High-Energy Event in LUX-ZEPLIN

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has reported a single candidate event in the high-energy nuclear recoil window $248\pm32.5\ \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ with an exposure of $2.84\ \mathrm{ton}\cdot\mathrm{yr}$, while the low-energy spectrum remains consistent with background expectations. We demonstrate that this excess can be naturally explained by the neutral-current absorption of fermionic dark matter on xenon nuclei. For a dark matter mass $m_χ\simeq 247\ \mathrm{MeV}$, the coherent absorption process produces a monoenergetic nuclear recoil at $E_R \simeq 248\ \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$. At this momentum transfer, the absorption process enters the incoherent regime, where scattering off individual nucleons produces a broad recoil spectrum extending from $\sim 200\ \mathrm{keV}$ to $100.2\ \mathrm{MeV}$. We show that a single effective field theory coupling can simultaneously produce one event in the $248\pm32.5\ \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ window while remaining consistent with the non-observation of events in neighboring energy regions. The required single-nucleon absorption cross section is $σ_{χN}^{\mathrm{NC}} = 1.07\times10^{-46}\ \mathrm{cm}^2$, corresponding to an effective field theory scale $Λ\simeq 11.5\ \mathrm{TeV}$. However, a recasting analysis of KamLAND data on the neutron-emission channel $χ+{}^{12}\mathrm{C} \to ν+ n + {}^{11}\mathrm{C}^*$ excludes this benchmark parameter space, establishing a significant tension between the LZ excess interpretation and existing constraints from large-volume scintillator detectors. We discuss the implications of this tension and prospects for resolving it with future dedicated high-energy analyses.