The advantages of extended nonreciprocal quantum batteries

Abstract

This study investigates the performance of extended nonreciprocal quantum batteries (QBs), as well as its advantages in energy storage and energy transfer compared to reciprocal charging and the original nonreciprocal batteries. After analyzing the detuning between the charging system and the external pump, we discover that resonance is a key factor in maintaining high-energy batteries and high charging power; furthermore, the detuning of the charger or battery determines the stability of the charging process for different structures. Research on steady-state energy storage in batteries revealed that single-threaded or multi-threaded charging can achieve nearly infinite energy storage in weakly localized environments, thereby demonstrating the significant energy advantages of extended nonreciprocal quantum batteries. Finally, by considering the energy distribution within the charging system, we observe that nonreciprocal charging offers energy transfer advantages unmatched by reciprocal charging; the former achieves a comprehensive balance between charging cost and energy storage capacity that the latter cannot match. As a novel and superior charging protocol, our findings are expected to provide a potent reference for the promotion and practical implementation of nonreciprocal charging.