An Exact Engine for Black-Hole Jets

Abstract

For fifty years the Blandford--Znajek mechanism has been a mechanism and not an exact solution: force-free electrodynamics on a prescribed metric, with the jet's own field carrying no weight. Here that field gravitates. A split monopole weighs as much as a magnetic monopole, so its self-gravity is the magnetic Reissner--Nordström geometry; two copies glued across an equatorial current sheet put hole, disk and jet-driving flux into one spacetime, and force-free plasma makes a magnetosphere of it. Three things then follow that no test-field calculation can see. First, a steady jet is impossible. A stationary horizon cannot be heated but a slipping magnetosphere necessarily heats it, so the only stationary state is a dead one corotating with the hole, and a working jet is a black hole in decay at rates the field equations fix rather than assume. Second, flux enters the laws of black-hole mechanics as a charge, sharing one extremality budget with spin. That budget caps the jet power at $c^5/48G$ whatever the mass. Third, the lifetime output is finite: a maximally spinning hole delivers $1-e^{1/4}/\sqrt2=9.2\%$ of its mass and grows its horizon area by exactly $\sqrt e$. The horizon's own moment of inertia vanishes with the irrational exponent $(\sqrt{17}-1)/2$ set by the near-horizon throat, and what is left is a rotating hole whose angular momentum has passed to its own field.