The 5P Reflection Model for Education in the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) Era

Abstract

Contributions: A reflection model suitable for the era of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is introduced. The proposed model is an integrated model that extracts features from various existing models and also incorporates technological aspects of GenAI. Background: Universities worldwide are facing challenges in adopting GenAI into their curricula, as it has impacted academic integrity and the scholarship of teaching and research. Traditional reflection models are struggling to authenticate student reflection as GenAI is incorporated in education. This requires a GenAI-aware model to enable the opportunities that address the associated challenges with GenAI. Research Questions: Does the academic ecosystem require a GenAI-aware reflection model to adopt GenAI into education? How to make a reflection model structured to ensure student authenticity and cognitive engagement within a GenAI-aware learning environment? Methodology: This study employs a design-based research methodology, assisted by a critical inquiry approach, to analyse existing reflection models in the era of GenAI and examine the technological aspects of GenAI. Additionally, it identifies a gap and the absence of a comprehensive reflection model that enhances reflection in the era of GenAI and supports the effective integration of GenAI in education. Findings: The literature survey indicates there is a greater need for reflection in the era of GenAI to ensure learning, but the existing reflection models lack proper strategies to manage the problem introduced by GenAI. A standard GenAI-aware reflection model, called 5P (Purpose, Process, Product, Pitfalls and Plan), is proposed i) to manage greater demand for reflection, ii) to address the limitations of the existing reflection models, iii) to consider technological aspects of GenAI.