Exothermic and Endothermic Inelastic Dark Matter Interpretations at LZ: Sideband Constraints and Future Prospects

Abstract

The LZ experiment has extended its nuclear-recoil search to 270 keV and reports a single nuclear-recoil-like event, LZ230616, at $\sim250$ keV, in a region with negligible expected background. We show that exothermic inelastic dark matter, in which the ambient dark state down-scatters and releases its mass splitting $|δ|$ as recoil energy, can naturally produce a recoil peak at this energy while remaining consistent with the null result at lower energies. Our simple fit leaves the mass unconstrained, because a heavy candidate can hide its peak above the LZ region-of-interest. However, we show that the empty high-energy sideband, which LZ uses for background validation, disfavors broadly peaked spectra. For an exothermic explanation, the sharper peaks produced by lighter dark matter with larger mass splittings are therefore preferred. Realizing this scenario requires cosmologically stable states and a leptophobic mediator. Normalizing to the one observed event, we predict $\simeq4.5$ signal events in LZ's projected 1000 live-day exposure, and show that existing XENONnT and PandaX-4T data could already test the interpretation in an extended analysis window.