Chemical and interface confinement effects in promoting plastic co-deformation in high-strength nano-scale eutectics

Abstract

Eutectics offer a route to overcome plastic incompatibility in disparate-phase heterostructures by coupling microstructural refinement with phase-specific chemical and crystallographic hierarchy. Here, we investigate laser-rapid-solidified Al-(Si,Ge) eutectic composites designed along the univariant ternary eutectic path, solidifying with an Al-rich face-centered cubic (fcc) matrix and (Si,Ge)-rich diamond-cubic (dc) fibers as constituent eutectic phases with faceted interfaces. The microstructure was hierarchical in nature with finer structures within eutectic phases: nanoscale (Si,Ge) clusters in the Al phase and growth twins within the (Si,Ge) fibers with some Al retention. Although increasing Ge content coarsens the eutectic spacing, the yield strength is slightly enhanced compared to the relatively finer Al-Si, and tensile ductility of Al-(Si,Ge) is higher than that of Al-Si. In situ SEM micromechanical testing combined with post-mortem STEM and TEM showed that in the Al-rich phase, Ge segregated to the deformation-induced sub-grain boundaries that confined glide dislocations. Simultaneously, the (Si,Ge)-rich fibers remain crack-resistant at large plastic strain and exhibit deformation-induced planar faults, consistent with localized partial-dislocation activity at highly stressed interfaces and twin boundaries. These coupled mechanisms due to interface confinement and hard phase chemistry enable co-deformation of the metallic and covalent phases, providing a pathway for designing high-tensile-strength and ductile hierarchical eutectics beyond conventional length-scale-controlled strengthening.