Cascade-induced high-performance nonreciprocal quantum batteries

Abstract

Nonreciprocal quantum batteries harness reservoir engineering for controlled energy transfer, heralding a paradigm shift for quantum energy storage. A prior study utilizing the Metelmann-Clerk formalism reported a fourfold enhancement in nonreciprocal energy accumulation over reciprocal counterparts. This fourfold enhancement, however, appears to stem from a Lindblad master equation that exhibits fundamental inconsistencies, which may systematically understate the actual nonreciprocal advantage. Our approach is rooted in the rigorously established cascaded open quantum systems formalism, which ensures both mathematical consistency and physical fidelity. Remarkably, we surpass the previously reported fourfold benchmark, attaining a regime-independent sixteenfold steady-state nonreciprocal energy advantage over reciprocal systems. We further uncover a dissipation-dependent battery-to-charger efficiency, fourfold under symmetric damping, surpassing this benchmark when the battery is less dissipative, and lower otherwise. This work establishes the cascaded formalism as a mathematically rigorous and experimentally viable foundation for high-performance quantum energy storage.