A Device to Control and Manipulate Occlusion Effects for Own Voice Perception Studies

Abstract

The occlusion effect (OE) refers to changes of the eardrum sound pressure through ear canal occlusion. It consists of two phenomena: an insertion loss (IL) attenuating air-conducted sounds, and an occlusion gain (OG) amplifying bone-conduction. Perceptual research on this is hindered by high variability of the OE across individuals, complicating repeatable presentation of precise OE conditions. Consequently, a method to control OE conditions reproducibly during perceptual experiments is needed. For such investigations, the system must enable separate control of IL and OG. We present an approach based on modified commercial earmuffs with integrated microphones. The design integrates dedicated impedance measurements and the derivation of digital filters, which are applied to the microphone signals to emulate arbitrary OE curves. The system is evaluated objectively through appropriate measurements. Results show that the headphones' inherent OG is guaranteed to be below 6dB above 115Hz, falling below 0dB above 155Hz. Emulation is shown to work accurately over the entire frequency range of interest. Limitations arise mainly due to a slight residual inherent OG for deep voices and the processing delay of the system. Future work will focus on the perceptual evaluation of the system and its application in perceptual studies.