Pauli Supported Invariants for Periodic Graphs-Derived Hamiltonians

Abstract

We introduce a graph invariant obtained from Pauli decompositions of Hamiltonians derived from local graph neighborhoods. Given a rooted h-hop neighborhood, we construct a local adjacency operator, embed it into a common Hilbert space dimension, and define its Pauli-support set as the collection of Pauli strings appearing with nonzero coefficients. For periodic graphs, we prove invariance under lattice-compatible graph equivalence and establish converse results under root-separation hypothesis. The framework naturally extends to Lie closures, commutants, and Cartan-type structures generated by the associated Pauli supports. We further discuss extensions to aperiodic graphs with finite local complexity and make connections to cut-and-project models of quasicrystals and notably, Penrose tilings. From a quantum information perspective, the resulting invariants provide a operator-theoretic description of graph-based Hamiltonians and offer a new mechanism for comparing graph-based quantum systems through Pauli-support data.