A Strongly Subquadratic $(3+\varepsilon)$-Approximation for Weighted Edit Distance over Arbitrary Metrics

Abstract

We study weighted edit distance between two strings of total length $n$, where edit costs are induced by an arbitrary metric. For equal-length inputs, Kuszmaul (2019) gave an $O(n^δ)$-approximation with $\widetilde{O}(n^{2-δ})$ running time for every fixed $0 < δ< 1$. We give the first constant-factor approximation for weighted edit distance over arbitrary metrics in strongly subquadratic running time. For every $0 < \varepsilon \le 1$, our randomized algorithm runs in $\widetilde{O}(n^{7/4}/\varepsilon^8)$ time and returns a $(3+\varepsilon)$-approximation with probability at least $1-n^{-10}$. The algorithm allows unequal input lengths and places no bound on the ratio between edit costs.