A fluid dual to large $D$ membrane paradigm at first subleading order

Abstract

The large $D$ membrane paradigm establishes a duality between the dynamics of black holes and the evolution of a codimension-one timelike membrane in a non-gravitational background. In this work, we formulate the relativistic fluid dynamics dual to an uncharged black hole in asymptotically flat spacetime at the first subleading order in the $1/D$ expansion. Due to the absence of a timelike asymptotic boundary, unlike in AdS/CFT fluid-gravity duality, we construct an effective fluid intrinsically on the dynamical membrane, whose equations of motion are exactly equivalent to the subleading order membrane equations. By performing this fluid-dynamical analysis in the Landau frame, we show that the system behaves as a fluid influenced by an effective background force. Out-of-equilibrium viscous effects emerge naturally, allowing us to extract the fluid transport coefficients directly from the bulk viscous pressure and shear stress tensor. Furthermore, the fluid exhibits a negative pressure, capturing the intrinsic surface tension of the $(D-1)$-dimensional membrane worldvolume.