String charge density/bit threads correspondence and its S-duality in type IIB supergravity

Abstract

We identify the spatial projection of a conserved string charge density with a bit-thread flow. This correspondence gives bit threads a string worldsheet description and allows us to compute black hole entropy from the maximal entropy flux of a worldsheet-derived current. We first reproduce the BTZ entropy and then extend the construction to the ten-dimensional F1-NS5-P and D1-D5-P systems. Under Type IIB S-duality, the F1 current maps to the D1 current. Although the local currents, metrics, and flow norms change, the maximal physical flux remains unchanged and gives the same entropy. This provides a nontrivial check of the correspondence. Finally, we propose a D1-D5 boundary-matching conjecture. In the coarse-grained picture, each string-charge line defines an entropy-carrying tube. The boundary CFT entanglement entropy and the bulk black hole entropy both fix the product of the number of tubes and the maximum entropy carried by each tube. For a fixed tube discretization, they assign the same capacity to each tube. They therefore describe the same conserved maximal entropy flux, providing an information-flow interpretation of the equality between entanglement entropy and black hole entropy.