RadioAstron space-VLBI imaging of the jet in M87: II. The parsec-scale structure at 4.8 GHz

Abstract

We present RadioAstron observations of the M87 jet obtained on 2014 February 4-5 at 4.8 GHz ($λ=6.2$ cm). The correlated signals between the 10-m space antenna and ground-based radio telescopes were detected up to projected baselines of $\thicksim3$\,Earth diameters (0.65~G$λ$). The orientation of the jet downstream of the core shifts northward, consistent with the long-term oscillating trend reported in other studies. An elliptical body mode of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can create the observed helical shape of the jet. The estimated wavelength of this instability mode suggests that its origin may be related to some processes in the accretion disc. We present 1.7 - 4.8 GHz and 4.8 - 15.4 GHz spectral index maps showing flattening of the spectrum along the outer streamlines and along the jet spine. Simulations and analysis show that this spectral flattening is partially artificial and is a common systematic effect of the CLEAN procedure of VLBI imaging. The spectral index of the M87 jet is consistent with the optically thin emission, while its steepening can be produced by the propagation of the instability modes causing higher pressure regions near the jet boundary and in its interior.