Thioacetaldehyde (CH3CHS) on interstellar ices: a key molecule to unravel two chemical dichotomies in the ISM

Abstract

Thioacetaldehyde (CH3CHS), recently detected in TMC-1, has an abundance approximately 36 times lower than its oxygen analog, acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). This makes the CH3CHS/CH3CHO pair the one with the largest column density difference among the detected oxygen/sulfur analogue pairs in this cloud. We investigate the hydrogenation pathways of CH3CHS to address two chemical dichotomies in the ISM: (i) the differenciation between CH3CHS and CH3CHO, and (ii) the apparent absence of both CH3CHS in the G+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud and ethyl mercaptan (CH3CH2SH), in TMC-1. Our results reveal a complex scheme that involves multiple competing reactions, highlighting an efficient sequence of consecutive hydrogenations that can lead to CH3CH2SH. This finding suggests that the high S/O ratio observed for thioacetaldehyde in TMC-1 (~36), and even more pronounced in G+0.693-0.027 ($\geq$112), may result from its conversion via hydrogenation on the ice surface, contrary to the case of CH3CHO, which is more resistant to that chemical process. The straightforward hydrogenation of CH3CHS on ices, which can also take place even in the gas-phase at 150 K, provides a reliable explanation for its non-detection in G+0.693-0.027, where grain-surface chemistry is expected to play an important role, favoring the conversion of CH3CHS into CH3CH2SH, which is indeed detected in G+0.693-0.027. In contrast, TMC-1 represents a more pristine gas-phase environment, where grain-surface chemistry has a lower impact. Under these conditions, CH3CHS can persist, while CH3CH2SH remains undetected. Overall, our results show the entirely different reactivity that contributes to the chemical complexity of two of the largest interstellar sulfur factories.