Analytical derivation of a three-dimensional fundamental diagram for a real-valued max-plus particle system

Abstract

We study a real-valued max-plus particle system on a finite periodic lattice. Its three-dimensional fundamental diagram relates the mean flow to two densities: the conserved particle density and a second density defined by a local state function. We prove that the deviation from the diagram tends to zero for arbitrary initial data with all state values in [0,1]. The proof uses two nonnegative local quantities and their evolution relations. For rational initial data with all state values in $[0,1]$, the orbit is eventually periodic, and the fundamental-diagram relation holds exactly on the periodic orbit.