Invent a Dataset: Measuring dataset generation abilities with zero seed

Abstract

Building datasets remains one of the most manual and brittle parts of AI development. In this technical report, we focus on the most extreme but also most prevalent setting real world practitioners face: a zero data regime. Here, practitioners don't have any data for the capability they want to learn. We introduce Invent-A-Dataset which is a prompt based system to go from dataset description to realistic and large scale post-training datasets. We evaluate Invent-A-Dataset against five frontier model APIs including Anthropic, Google, Open AI, DeepSeek, Zai. Across eight task types and dataset sizes up to 20K samples, Invent-A-Dataset significantly outperforms with both the highest quality (17% relative gains) while simultaneously producing the most diverse samples (19% relative gains). Its diversity advantage widens with scale of training dataset size (from parity at 200 samples to 37% relative gains at 20K samples). This translates into considerable downstream training gains, resulting in far more performant post-trained models. Invent-A-Dataset fine-tune consistently ranks higher compared to other generator fine-tunes across different post-trained model architectures.