From band reconstruction to Bogoliubov dispersion: How dz2-band enhances iron-based superconductivity

Abstract

Conventional understanding of iron-based superconductivity is usually established based on electronic bands at the Fermi level, leaving deeper bands overlooked as potential factor. Here, we expand this view by demonstrating that a deep-lying dz2 band below the Fermi level can be employed to enhance the superconducting paring strength. By using scanning tunneling microscope to mechanically change the crystal lattice of an iron-based superconductor, we observe an upward shift of the deep-lying dz2 band related feature, leading to hybridization with the primary superconducting bands at the Fermi level. We visualize the novel evidence of this band hybridization and resulting enhanced superconducting gap through quasiparticle interference imaging, providing conclusive evidence that engineering such correlations between deep and pairing-active bands is a potent mechanism for amplifying the superconducting gap. This work refines the conventional view of pairing-relevant electronic structures and establishes band hybridization as an effective way to optimize superconducting materials.