Short-Range Vector Spin Glasses: Parisi Hierarchies and Real-Space Ultrametricity

Abstract

Replica symmetry breaking (RSB) is the organizing principle of mean-field spin-glass theory, yet whether a continuous Parisi hierarchy can arise in a genuinely short-range system in finite spatial dimension remains unresolved. Here we introduce a disordered model of $N$-component vector spins on a $D$-dimensional hypercubic lattice, with random matrix couplings on nearest-neighbor links and random tensor couplings on elementary plaquettes. In the large-$N$ limit, the model supports thermodynamically stable one-step, full, and one-full RSB phases, alongside replica-symmetric paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. We find that spatial locality constrains these ordered phases through two distinct infrared mechanisms. ($i$) Quenched random anisotropy destroys uniform ferromagnetism for $D\leq4$ through an Imry-Ma mechanism. ($ii$) A continuous Parisi hierarchy gives rise to replica Goldstone modes whose gaplessness is protected by a Ward identity. At leading order in $1/N$, these modes behave as a band of free spin waves, producing infrared-divergent fluctuations in $D\leq2$ and a Mermin-Wagner instability of the continuously broken phase. Remarkably, the Parisi hierarchy also acquires a direct real-space interpretation. For two pure states with mutual overlap $q$, a characteristic length $ξ(q)$ describes how far the differences between their frozen magnetization patterns remain correlated. Throughout a continuous sector of the Parisi hierarchy, $ξ(q)$ is independent of temperature and decreases monotonically with $q$. The ultrametric organization of pure states is therefore accompanied by an ultrametric hierarchy of real-space correlation lengths: states that separate near the root of the Parisi tree differ through long-wavelength frozen patterns, whereas states that separate farther from the root differ only on progressively shorter scales.