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TeV Gamma-Ray Emission in the DA 495 Region from HAWC Observations of J1952+2924, J1954+2837, and J1958+2848

R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, E. Anita-Rangel, M. Araya, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, P. Bangale, A. Bernal, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, N. Fraija, S. Fraija, A. Galván-Gámez, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, N. Ghosh, A. Gonzalez Muñoz, M. M. González, J. A. González, J. A. Goodman, J. Gyeong, J. P. Harding, I. Herzog, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, K. Leavitt, W. H. Lee, H. León Vargas, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. E. Mirón-Enriquez, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, M. Najafi, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, M. Osorio-Archila, E. Ponce, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, M. Roth, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, M. Shin, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, Z. Wang, I. J. Watson, H. Wu, S. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, X. Zhang, H. Zhou, C. de León

astro-ph.HEarXiv:2610.13771

Abstract

Previous observations of the DA 495 region, which contains the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) DA 495 and other very-high-energy (VHE; >100~GeV) gamma-ray emitters, showed inconsistent results across different VHE experiments, including differences in the measured flux of DA 495 and in the number of reported sources. Our new dedicated analysis using 3071 days of HAWC data resolves these discrepancies. We identify three extended sources, HAWC J1952+2924 (DA 495), HAWC J1954+2837, and HAWC J1958+2848, all with curved spectra, and find a hint of a fourth source. For DA 495, a multi-wavelength analysis, including our results, radio, X-ray, and other gamma-ray data, reveals that its extended emission is best described by leptonic interactions with an inferred magnetic field of B10~μG and that hadronic components are not required. On the other hand, we interpret the other two sources, which have no confirmed counterparts, as TeV halos associated with nearby pulsars, PSR J1954+2836 and PSR J1958+2846, respectively. These results reinforce the interpretation of DA 495 as a leptonic-dominated PWN and add two candidates to the growing population of TeV halos.

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