A Higher-Order Stroh Framework for Weakly Nonlinear Post-Bifurcation Analysis

Abstract

Linear stability analysis predicts the onset of wrinkling, while weakly nonlinear analysis determines whether the bifurcation is supercritical or subcritical through the sign of the cubic amplitude coefficient. When this coefficient vanishes, higher-order terms are needed. In this paper, we develop a higher-order Stroh framework for weakly nonlinear post-bifurcation analysis of finitely deformed elastic solids. For each nonzero harmonic, the same base-state Stroh operator is retained at every order, with nonlinear source terms assembled from lower-order fields to account for geometry, constitutive laws and constraints. This recursive structure, together with Fredholm solvability conditions, enables us to derive cubic, quintic and higher-order amplitude equations. Here, we demonstrate the power of this framework by analysing wrinkling in an incompressible neo-Hookean film bonded to an exponentially graded substrate. The results recover established linear instability benchmarks and the supercritical-subcritical transition in the homogeneous-substrate limit. For graded substrates, the cubic coefficient vanishes on a surface in the parameter space of modulus ratio and substrate gradation. On this surface, the quintic coefficient takes both signs, corresponding to supercritical and subcritical bifurcations. These regions are separated by a curve along which the quintic coefficient also vanishes. Determining the branch direction along this curve requires higher-order terms, which can be calculated within the same framework.