How Language-Independent Are Emotional Attributes? A Study on Training Data Scaling and Cross-Lingual Generalization

Abstract

Current state-of-the-art Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) systems rely on lots of training data, which is available only for a few languages such as English. For low-resource languages, using a cross-lingual model or adapting it to the target language might be an alternative to training a mono-lingual model from scratch. However, it is not clear what constitutes a "low-resource", i.e. where model adaptation loses its edge over the mono-lingual approach. We investigate this topic by training and adapting several SER models on English and Mandarin data, focusing on the emotional attributes of arousal, valence and dominance. Our results show that, for arousal, model adaptation is beneficial even with two hours of data, while for valence 10-20 hours of adaptation material is required to match the performance of a mono-lingual model trained with 100 hours of data. This indicates that task-specific model adaptation may be an effective approach in low-resource speech emotion recognition problems.