Selection of Marginally Stable Patterns by Boundary Conditions

Abstract

We study the effect of boundary conditions on the selection of wavenumbers in pattern-forming systems. Prior work established that, for a large class of boundary conditions, equilibria only within a narrow band of wavenumbers are compatible with the boundary. We demonstrate here that for a large class of initial conditions, solutions evolve towards an extremal member of this narrow band of equilibria. In fact, this extremal member is neutrally stable, nonlinearly unstable, and the convergence is realized through a series of snapping events at the boundary. We observe this behavior in simulations of the Swift-Hohenberg equation when the pattern forming region is confined to a large spatial interval through a parameter quench. We prove the convergence in a phase-diffusion approximation using comparison principles and astutely chosen subsolutions that mimic the snapping behavior.