MaskSense: Confronting the Visual Exploration Trap in Masked Image Generation

Abstract

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown strong potential for aligning generative models with human intent, but adapting RL to masked generative models (MGMs) remains largely underexplored. Existing approaches that directly adapt Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to MGMs leave a foundational conflict unaddressed: MGMs' exploitative decoding nature is inherently at odds with the exploratory diversity that GRPO presupposes. In this work, we reveal a structural decoding bias termed the visual exploration trap: confidence-based sampling trades the exploration of diverse subject realizations for the greedy resolution of low-uncertainty background regions, causing premature collapse of the generative exploration space and starving GRPO of the rollout diversity it depends on. To this end, we propose MaskSense, a novel RL framework for MGMs that confronts the visual exploration trap at both the sampling and optimization stages. Specifically, we introduce a semantic anchored routing sampling mechanism that leverages semantic priors to preserve high-entropy subject token exploration while amplifying intra-group reward variance through exploratory-exploitative routing to yield more discriminative advantage estimates. Furthermore, we design a global entropy transition anchoring strategy to identify the most consequential decoding steps and concentrate gradient updates on them. Extensive experiments on multiple text-to-image benchmarks demonstrate that MaskSense substantially improves upon the base model, with GenEval accuracy improving from 54% to 86% and HPS from 28.89 to 36.39, achieving state-of-the-art performance.