A Central Limit Theorem for High-Temperature SYK Model

Abstract

The Sachdev--Ye--Kitaev (SYK) model is a quantum many-body model of Majorana fermions with all-to-all random interactions. It has attracted wide interest in condensed matter and high-energy physics as a solvable model of non-Fermi liquids and holography. Fix an even integer $q\geq4$, and let $Z_N(β)$ be the partition function of the Gaussian $q$-body SYK model. We prove that for all sufficiently small inverse temperatures $β> 0$, there exists $ρ=ρ(β)>0$ such that \[ N^{q/2 -1}(\log Z_N(β)-\mathbb{E}[\log Z_N(β)]) \Longrightarrow \mathcal{N}(0,ρ^2). \] In addition to the mathematical results, we discuss how the proofs were developed and refined through interaction between human researchers and AI, and we describe the subsequent formalization of the main arguments in Lean 4. This work thus serves as a case study of a research workflow that integrates human insight, AI-assisted exploration, iterative proof refinement, and formal verification.