Shear viscosity from fluctuations in linearized relativistic hydrodynamics

Abstract

In this work we incorporate thermal fluctuations into fluid-dynamic simulations with the vHLLE code, in linear approximation. The fluctuations are built in following the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The effect of space discretization into cells in numerical hydrodynamics on the spatial correlation of fluctuations is studied with the help of static structure factor. A difference from the continuum result is pointed out and systematically investigated. Time evolution of the ensuing fluctuations is examined and the Green-Kubo formula is used for the extraction of shear viscosity from the fluctuations. The extracted value is demonstrated to be the same as the input value of the shear viscosity for the simulations using Israel-Stewart equations. It is also shown that numerical regulators commonly used in the codes to ensure stability of the calculation severely spoil the fluctuations and break the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.