Seismology of Glasses

Abstract

Aging and relaxation of glasses proceed through localized rearrangements that also generate long-ranged mechanical responses in their surroundings. We develop a theory that treats these rearrangements as internal microseismic sources, and thereby separates the direct effects emerging from an event from the effects from the far-field displacements it generates. These far-field disturbances propagate and relax through the viscoelastic medium through which they move, producing a stochastic background of weak but numerous perturbations at any given location. Combining the description of local events from the Random First Order Transition theory with this propagating background, we derive a unified equation for the dynamical structure factor of a relaxing glass. The theory identifies a finite wave-vector and time window in which the growing viscoelastic far-field disturbances can produce compressed exponential relaxation, which has been observed using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. At higher wave vectors that resolve local jumps, heterogeneity of the local event dynamics instead produces stretched exponential relaxation. The crossover between these behaviors depends on the event statistics and the scattering phase accumulated across the region reached through viscoelastic propagation from the numerous distant sources.