Polaritonic self-hybridized critical coupling by Brillouin zone folding induced quasi-bound states in the continuum in bulk WS2 metasurfaces

Abstract

Maximizing the absorption of exciton-polaritons in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) under critical coupling conditions is crucial for developing high-efficiency polariton-based photodetectors, solar cells, and perfect absorbers. Here, we propose a polaritonic critical self-hybridized coupling between Brillouin zone folding driven quasi-bound states in the continuum (BZF-QBIC) mode and A excitons in a bulk WS2 metasurface. This polaritonic critical coupling shows robust behavior with respect to the asymmetric parameters of the involved BZF-QBIC mode, in contrast to the asymmetry-sensitive conventional QBIC-based critical coupling. By changing the height of WS2 metasurfaces, we observe a typical anti-crossing behavior with a Rabi splitting of 246.5 meV. Moreover, the maximum absorption value of 0.5 for exciton-polaritons is achieved at the polaritonic critical coupling condition. The large population of excitons provided by bulk WS2 is essential for achieving polaritonic critical coupling and can further enhance polaritonic absorption. This work enables the realization of robust, high-absorption self-hybridized polaritonic critical coupling in TMDCs, and further expedite their applications in high-absorption low-dimensional polaritonic devices.