A proof of the interlacing conjecture for the singular values of Sylvester-Kac matrices

Abstract

Boros and Rózsa (Linear Algebra Appl. 421 (2007) 407--416) reduced the singular value problem for the odd-order Sylvester--Kac matrix $P\in\mathbb{R}^{(2m+1)\times(2m+1)}$ to those for $Q^{(m)}\in\mathbb{R}^{(m+1)\times m}$ and $S^{(m)}\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times(m+1)}$ via a permutation similarity transformation. They noted that $(Q^{(m)})^{T}Q^{(m)}-S^{(m)}(S^{(m)})^{T}$ is positive definite, and also conjectured that $σ_i(S^{(m)})\geσ_{i+1}(Q^{(m)})$ for $1\le i\le m-1$ and $m\ge2$. In this paper, we prove that these inequalities are strict and establish the strict interlacing relation \begin{equation*} σ_1(Q^{(m)})>σ_1(S^{(m)})> \cdots>σ_m(Q^{(m)})> σ_m(S^{(m)})>0 \end{equation*} for all $m\ge1$. Here, $σ_i(\cdot)$ denotes the $i$-th largest singular value of a matrix.