Weighted hypergraph states as a resource for quantum metrology

Abstract

Quantum correlations can be used to improve sensing precision beyond classical limits, yet the correlated resource states needed can be challenging to prepare and preserve. Here, we study the family of weighted hypergraph states and identify subclasses characterized by their underlying graph topology that exhibit enhanced metrological performance. Using the quantum Fisher information and a novel Dicke state basis representation, we show that these subclasses outperform both separable and standard weighted graph state benchmarks over broad ranges of edge weights corresponding to weak controlled operations between qubits representing the vertices of the graph. We provide analytical formulas for an arbitrary number $N$ of qubits, supplemented by a general study, while focusing a detailed analysis on the example case of $N=4$. By identifying the critical probabilities for local dephasing, we show that adding higher-order weighted hyperedges for $N$ qubits can enhance metrological robustness, allowing the resulting states to retain a quantum advantage at higher noise levels. These probe states exhibit favorable scaling, enhanced precision, and noise tolerance. Our findings establish weighted hypergraph states as viable, structurally tunable and robust resources for quantum-enhanced metrology.