Exothermic Higgs portal: from LUX-ZEPLIN recoil to Gamma Rays

Abstract

We show that a minimal extension of the Standard Model (SM) by a single complex scalar $ϕ$ provides a viable inelastic exothermic, thermal relic, interpretation of the recently reported nuclear-recoil candidate from LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ). The mass terms and Higgs-portal interactions split $ϕ$ into two nearly degenerate real scalars, $ϕ_{1,2}$. For mass-splitting of a few hundred keV, $ϕ_2$ is cosmologically long-lived and the two states have comparable relic abundances. Taking $ϕ_{1,2}$ masses to be $\sim100\,$GeV, with off-diagonal Higgs coupling fixed by relic abundance, the exothermic down-scattering yields an order-one event expectation for the LZ exposure, without relying on the high-velocity tail of the dark matter velocity distribution required in endothermic scenarios. This scenario can be tested using different nuclear targets and with indirect dark matter searches: $ϕ_2\toϕ_1γγ$ decays give a broad sub-MeV photon continuum that can be probed by INTEGRAL/SPI and COSI; $ϕ_1ϕ_2$ annihilation produces a GeV-scale continuum, extending up to $\sim$100 GeV, that is probed by Fermi-LAT observations of dwarf galaxies; current CMB constraints are satisfied and annihilation among dark matter particles captured in the Sun is strongly suppressed. Next-generation experiments could probe correlated scattering, decay, and annihilation signatures of this thermal Higgs-portal scenario.