Composable CAD: Sketch-to-CAD Program Synthesis in Parts

Abstract

Designers often build CAD models part by part, and may iterate on individual components throughout the design process. Recent vision-language models (VLMs) can synthesize CAD programs from sketches, but generating parts independently does not ensure that they are composable: components may lose the intended proportions and alignments or fail to join correctly where they meet. We present Composable CAD, a framework that uses off-the-shelf VLMs to synthesize a design space of independently sampled, interchangeable component programs, where any selection composes into a coherent CAD model. We recover design constraints from the sketch and use them to construct a coarse proxy that establishes how the components are sized, aligned, and attached. We then generate each component independently from its proxy and apply a deterministic rewrite to ensure that neighboring components meet at their prescribed interfaces. We evaluate Composable CAD across a range of objects and sketch styles and conduct two user studies. Compared to VLM-only baselines, our method produces more detailed, composable designs.