6G Uplink Waveform and Rank Selection under Distributed Reception

Abstract

The development of 6G uplink is expanding waveform and spatial transmission options, while distributed reception makes their relative merits depend on the spatial and frequency structure of the aggregate channel. We study the joint selection of cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM at rank 1 and noncoherent rank 2 under common user equipment power constraints and centralized linear minimum mean-square error reception. We derive waveform switching thresholds at both ranks and a rank selection margin, establishing conditions for selecting among the four modes based on available transmit power, DFT despreading loss, and spatial multiplexing gain. We then characterize how port gains and correlations at individual access points (APs) form aggregate spatial separation and influence mode selection. At fixed port gains and available transmit powers, improving spatial separation without reducing it on any subcarrier increases the rank selection margin, while its effect on the preferred waveform within rank 2 depends on the frequency distribution of the improvement. Numerical results show that different AP deployments can favor different waveforms and ranks, even with the same receive antenna budget and comparable aggregate channel gains, including waveform switches at a fixed preferred rank.