Higher-Order Symmetry Energy Effects on the Properties of Neutron Stars

Abstract

We study the effects of the symmetry-energy curvature $K_{\rm sym}$ on the equation of state (EoS) and neutron-star properties within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) framework. We construct controlled families of RMF parametrizations based on the TM1 and IUFSU models by varying $K_{\rm sym}$ while keeping the symmetry energy $J$ and its slope $L$ fixed at saturation density. We find that, although a larger $K_{\rm sym}$ leads to a lower symmetry energy at suprasaturation densities and a reduced proton fraction in $β$-equilibrated matter, it results in a stiffer EoS and a higher sound speed. The maximum neutron-star mass is weakly affected, whereas the canonical radius $R_{1.4}$ exhibits a nearly linear dependence on $K_{\rm sym}$.